Knowledge about type 2 diabetes: its impact for future management.

Diabetes can cause several long-term complications. Knowledge about this disease can play an important role in reducing diabetes-related complications. In addition, the lack of awareness leads to misconceptions, which joined with inadequate knowledge, are relevant barriers to proper diabetes management. In this study, we aimed to assess the diabetes knowledge of a type 2 diabetes (T2D) population and identify major knowledge gaps, in order to prevent complications and to increase quality of life. In a cross-sectional, observational study in a convenience sample, we identified individuals diagnosed with T2D attending ambulatory visits from five health settings, older than 18 years, with a time diagnosis of at least 1 year, and attending multidisciplinary visits for at least 3 months. To assess the knowledge of T2D individuals, we applied the Portuguese version of the Diabetes Knowledge Test. The sample included a total of 1,200 persons, of whom almost half were female. The age range of the participants varied from 24 to 94 years old, and the mean age was 65.6 ± 11.4 years. Most of the sample had a level of education under secondary and lived with someone. In our sample, 479 (39.9%) were insulin-treated. The percentage of correct answers was 51.8% for non-insulin vs. 58.7% for insulin treated (p < 0.05). There were three items with a percentage of correct answers lower than 15%; the item with the lower value of correct answers was the one related to the identification of signs of ketoacidosis with only 4.4% of correct answers, the errors presented a random pattern; the item related to the identification of which food should not be used to treat low blood glucose with 11.9%, where 56.9% of the sample's participants considered that one cup of skim milk would be the correct answer (53.1% in non-insulin patients and 62.6% in insulin treated patients; p < 0.001). The item regarding the knowledge of free food presented a 13.3% of correct answers (10.8% non-insulin group vs. 17.1% insulin group; p < 0.01). Two of the three items with lower value of correct answers were related to glycemic control and health status monitoring, the other was related to diet and food.

Policy measures and instruments used in European countries to increase biosimilar uptake: a systematic review.

Introduction: While biosimilar medicines can contribute to the sustainability of healthcare systems, their utilization rate varies across European countries. This study aims to identify and systematize policy measures and instruments used in European countries to increase biosimilar market share. Methods: A systematic review was conducted according to PRISMA 2020 recommendations. Medline-PubMed, Web of Science and ScienceDirect databases were searched using inclusion criteria that required full articles published in English between January 2006 and November 2023. Reviews, letters, reports, editorials and comments or opinion articles were excluded from this study. Results: Of the 1,137 articles, only 13 met the eligibility criteria for analysis, which covered a total of 28 European countries. Pricing regulation measures were found in 27 of these countries with tendering, price-linkage and internal reference price being the most used. Tendering was used by 27 countries to procure biosimilars in inpatient setting. Prescribing guidelines and recommendations were the widely used instrument. Some European countries adopted physician incentives, quotas, and prescription by international non-proprietary name. Conclusion: Automatic substitution was not commonly recommended or applied. Interchangeability and switching will become increasingly relevant issues. It is important that the positive results from some countries serve as an example for the future of these medicines in the European market. Systematic review registration: https://inplasy.com/, Identifier INPLASY2023120032.

Community-Based Action Research Intervention to Promote Occupational Health Nursing of Portuguese Quarry Workers.

The northern region of Portugal has the largest number of companies manufacturing granite and stone products, which has become the region's trademark. In the municipalities of Marco de Canaveses and Penafiel, the economic activity of this area is important. However, the lack of attractiveness of this activity, combined with the high prevalence of silicosis and tuberculosis in this population, has led to a growing shortage of labor. In order for this project to be the result of collaborative, integral work centered on the people who are the target of health promotion, we used the Participatory Health Research (PHR) approach, based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model, to implement a mixed-methods study, including participant observation, interviews and document analysis. These data were used to co-create a study design. In 2021, a total of 102 interviews were carried out and self-completion surveys were distributed: the Fantastic Lifestyle Questionnaire (FLQ) and the EQ-5D-3L. Within the scope of occupational health nursing and in the field of action of public health nurses, with the interviews and self-completed surveys carried out, we identified potential focuses for occupational health nursing intervention to promote the health of stone industry workers: adherence to protective measures, energy balance deficit, tobacco and alcohol consumption and access to health services. Data analysis made it possible to assess the prevalence of risk behaviors by order and to involve managers and workers in the co-creation of a health promotion program. The accurate identification of the focuses for nursing intervention not only improves the effectiveness of occupational health services, allowing for targeted interventions adapted to workers' needs, but also contributes considerably to health promotion in the workplace, resulting in safer working environments, a reduction in occupational diseases and, consequently, a healthier and more productive workforce. This protocol of this study was not registered.

Empowerment and Knowledge as Determinants for Quality of Life: A Contribution to a Better Type 2 Diabetes Self-Management.

The purpose of this study was to assess how knowledge and empowerment impact the quality of life (QoL) of a person with type 2 diabetes, leading to better communication and disease management. We conducted a descriptive and observational study of individuals with type 2 diabetes. The Diabetes Empowerment Scale-Short Form (DES-SF), Diabetes Knowledge Test (DKT), and EQ-5D-5L were used, in addition to sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Evaluating the variability in the DES-SF and DKT in relation to the EQ-5D-5L and identifying possible sociodemographic and clinical determinants were conducted using univariate analyses followed by a multiple linear regression model to test whether the factors significantly predicted QoL. A total of 763 individuals were included in the final sample. Patients aged 65 years or older had lower QoL scores, as well as patients who lived alone, had less than 12 years of education, and experienced complications. The insulin-treated group showed higher scores in DKT than the non-insulin-treated group. It was also found that being male, being under 65 years of age, having no complications present, and having higher levels of knowledge and empowerment predicted higher QoL. Our results show that DKT and DES are still determinants of QoL, even after adjusting for sociodemographic and clinical characteristics. Therefore, literacy and empowerment are important for the improvement of the QoL of people with diabetes, by enabling them to manage their health conditions. New clinical practices focused on education, increasing patients' knowledge, and empowerment may contribute to better health outcomes.

Condicionantes da adaptação das famílias enquanto sistema e cliente face à situação de cancro: Scoping review / Factors influencing the adaptation of families, as systems and clients, to cancer: A scoping review / Condicionantes de la adaptación de las familias como sistema y cliente ante la situación del cáncer: Scoping review

Resumo Contexto: O cancro está associado a perda e ameaça à vida, pelo que o seu diagnóstico configura carga emocional, tensão e sofrimento psicológico dos indivíduos e famílias, mediados por múltiplos fatores condicionantes dos processos adaptativos. Objetivo: Conhecer quais os fatores condicionantes da adaptação das famílias face à situação de cancro em um dos seus membros. Método de revisão: Trata-se de uma scoping review seguindo a metodologia do Joanna Briggs Institute. A pesquisa incluiu artigos publicados entre 2015 e março de 2020 em português, inglês e espanhol. Apresentação e interpretação dos resultados: A partir dos 13 artigos incluídos identificaram-se os seguintes fatores condicionantes da adaptação familiar ao cancro de um dos seus membros: avaliação familiar do acontecimento, recursos familiares e coping. Conclusão: A identificação destes fatores é fundamental a práticas clínicas com as famílias enquanto cliente e sistema, promotoras de processos adaptativos dos indivíduos com cancro e suas famílias.

Abstract Background: Cancer is associated with loss and threat to life, so the emotionally charged diagnosis of cancer brings about psychological distress and suffering to individuals and families, influenced by multiple factors conditioning the adaptive processes. Objective: To determine the factors influencing family adaptation to the cancer of a family member. Review method: This scoping review followed the methodology of the Joanna Briggs Institute. It included articles published between 2015 and March 2020 in Portuguese, English, and Spanish. Presentation and interpretation of results: Based on the 13 articles included, this review identified the following factors influencing family adaptation to the cancer of a family member: family assessment of the event, family resources, and coping. Conclusion: Identifying these factors is essential to intervene with the families as clients and systems and promote adaptive processes in patients with cancer and their families.

Resumen Contexto: El cáncer está asociado a la pérdida y a la amenaza de la vida, por lo que su diagnóstico constituye una carga emocional, una tensión y un sufrimiento psicológico para los individuos y las familias, mediados por múltiples factores que condicionan los procesos adaptativos. Objetivo: Conocer qué factores condicionan la adaptación de las familias ante la situación de que uno de sus miembros padezca cáncer. Método de revisión: Se trata de una revisión sistemática exploratoria que sigue la metodología del Joanna Briggs Institute. La búsqueda incluyó artículos publicados entre 2015 y marzo de 2020 en portugués, inglés y español. Presentación e interpretación de los resultados: A partir de los 13 artículos incluidos, se identificaron los siguientes condicionantes de la adaptación de las familias al cáncer de uno de sus miembros: evaluación familiar del acontecimiento, recursos familiares y afrontamiento (coping). Conclusión: La identificación de estos factores es fundamental para las prácticas clínicas con las familias como cliente y sistema, las cuales promueven los procesos adaptativos de los individuos con cáncer y sus familias.

Satisfação e engagement: (Re)pensar a saúde e o bem-estar dos enfermeiros / Satisfaction and engagement: (Re)thinking about the health and well-being of nurses / Satisfacción y engagement: (Re)pensar la salud y el bienestar de los enfermeros

CONTEXTO: A satisfação profissional e o engagement assumem relevância na qualidade e segurança das pessoas cuidadas e na saúde mental e bem-estar dos enfermeiros. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a satisfação profissional e o engagement dos enfermeiros; identificar variáveis profissionais preditoras da satisfação profissional e do engagement, enquanto fatores promotores da saúde e bem-estar dos enfermeiros. MÉTODOS: Estudo observacional, quantitativo, descritivo e transversal. Amostra probabilís-tica estratificada por sexo, hospital e serviço composta por 234 enfermeiros do Centro Hospitalar do Alto Minho, 204 do Hospital Santa Luzia e 30 do Hospital Conde Bertiandos, com respetivamente 171 e 24 mulheres. Utilizou-se a Escala de Satisfação dos Enfermeiros no Trabalho e a Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. RESULTADOS: Maioritariamente do sexo feminino, com média de idades ± Desvio Padrão de 42,89 ± 8,30 anos e insatisfeitos (2,83 ± 0,577). Enfermeiros com horário fixo (t=3,038; p=0,003) e exercendo especialidade (t=2,014; p=0,048) registaram médias de satisfação superiores. Enfermeiros mais experientes manifestaram-se mais satisfeitos na ‘Satisfação com a Organização e Recursos' (t=-2,006; p=0,046) e ‘Satisfação com as Dotações' (t=-2,192; p=0,029). No Hospital Conde Bertiandos a ‘Satisfação com as Dotações' foi mais baixa (t=2,182; p=0,030). Revelaram níveis de engagement moderados (4,01 ± 1,027). Enfermeiros com horário fixo (t=2,097; p=0,037) apresentaram maior engagement. CONCLUSÕES: A baixa satisfação profissional, o engagement moderado e os preditores comuns, conformam desafios e práticas inovadoras da gestão das organizações de saúde, designadamente otimização das condições psicossociais em contexto de trabalho potenciadoras da emergência do capital humano.

BACKGROUND: Job satisfaction and engagement are important in the quality and safety of caregivers and in the mental health and well-being of nurses. AIM: Evaluate the job satisfaction and engagement of nurses; identify professional variables that predict job satisfaction and engagement as factors that promote health and well-being of nurses. METHODS:Observational, quantitative, descriptive and cross-sectional study. Probabilistic sample stratified by sex, hospital and service, consisting of 234 nurses from Alto Minho Hospital Center, 204 from Santa Luzia Hospital and 30 from Conde Bertiandos Hospital, with 171 and 24 women, respectively. The Nurses' Satisfaction at Work Scale and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale were used. RESULTS:Mostly female, with mean ages ± standard deviation of 42.89 ± 8.30 years and dissatisfied (2.83 ± 0.577). Nurses with fixed shift schedule (t=3.038; p= 0.003) and practicing specialty (t= 2.014; p=0.048) recorded higher satisfaction averages. More experienced nurses were more satisfied with 'Satisfaction with Organization and Resources' (t=-2.006; p=0.046) and 'Satisfaction with Appropriations' (t =-2.192; p=0.029). At Conde Bertiandos Hospital 'Satisfaction with Appropriations' was lower (t=2.182; p=0.030). They revealed moderate levels of engagement (4.01 ± 1.027). Nurses with fixed shift schedule (t=2.097; p=0.037) had greater engagement. CONCLUSIONS:Low job satisfaction, moderate engagement and common predictors, shape challenges and innovative practices in the management of health organizations, namely optimization of psychosocial conditions in a work context that enhances the emergence of human capital.

CONTEXTO: La satisfacción laboral y el compromiso son importantes para la calidad y seguridad de los cuidadores y para la salud mental y el bienestar de las enfermeras. OBJETIVOS: Evaluar la satisfacción profesional y el compromiso laboral de las enfermeras; identificar las variables profesionales que predicen la satisfacción y el compromiso profesional como factores que promueven la salud y el bienestar de las enfermeras. METODOLOGÍA: Estudio observacional, cuantitativo, descriptivo y transversal. Muestra probabilística estratificada por sexo, hospital y servicio, compuesta por 234 enfermeras del Centro Hospitalario Alto Minho, 204 del Hospital Santa Luzia y 30 del Hospital Conde Bertiandos, con 171 y 24 mujeres, respectivamente. Se utilizaron la Escala de Satisfacción en el Trabajo de las Enfermeras y la Utrecht Work Engagement Scale. RESULTADOS: En su mayoría mujeres, con edades medias ± desviación estándar de 42.89 ± 8.30 años e insatisfechas (2.83 ± 0.577). Las enfermeras con horario fijo de turnos (t=3.038; p=0.003) y la práctica especializada (t=2.014; p=0.048) registraron promedios de satisfacción más altos. Las enfermeras más experimentadas estaban más satisfechas con la "Satisfacción con la Organización y los Recursos" (t=-2.006; p=0.046) y la "Satisfacción con las Apropiaciones" (t=-2.192; p=0.029). En el Hospital Conde Bertiandos, la "Satisfacción con las Apropiaciones" fue menor (t=2.182; p=0.030). Revelaron niveles moderados de compromiso laboral (4.01 ± 1.027). Las enfermeras con horario fijo de turnos (t=2.097; p=0.037) tuvieron un mayor compromiso laboral. CONCLUSIONES: La baja satisfacción profesional, lo compromiso laboral moderado y los factores predictivos comunes configuran los desafíos y las prácticas innovadoras en la gestión de las organizaciones de salud, como la optimización de las condiciones psicosociales en un contexto de trabajo que mejora el surgimiento del capital humano.

Estilos de vida e bem-estar de estudantes do ensino superior / Higher education students' lifestyles and welfare / Estilos de vida y bienestar de los estudiantes universitarios

Contexto:O estudo dos estilos de vida no ensino superior tem especificidades decorrentes da interpenetração de múltiplos fatores, colocando-se a saúde e bem-estar dos jovens na agenda política das instituições. Objetivo(s): Avaliar estilos de vida e bem-estar psicológico dos estudantes do IPVC; Comparar os estilos de vida e o bem-estar psicológico dos estudantes do sexo feminino e masculino; Correlacionar os estilos de vida e bem-estar psicológico. MÉTODOS: Estudo quantitativo, correlacional e transversal. Recorreu-se a questionários de caraterização sociodemográfica, Bem-estar Psicológico (QGBEP-R) e Estilo de Vida FANTASTICO, a traduzidos e validados para a população portuguesa Resultados:Dos 291 respondentes, a maioria é do sexo feminino (80,8%), média de idade 22,49 ± 7,035 anos, 44,3% encontra-se deslocado da residência,11,7% considera ter vícios/dependências. A maioria considera o estilo de vida “Muito Bom” (52,6%). No item “Família/Amigos” 82,2% responde “não tem/tem às vezes” com quem falar coisas importantes”, 76,5%” não deu/às vezes deu e recebeu afetos” e 61,5% “não se considera membro de um grupo comunitário” Da análise das dimensões do “Fantástico” e o sexo, verifica-se que as estudantes obtêm maior pontuação nos itens “família/amigos”, “tabaco” e no “comportamento sexual e de saúde”. Os estudantes pontuam melhor na “atividade física/associativismo”, “sono” e na “introspeção”. Relativamente ao bem-estar, o valor medio foi de 24,204+4,920, sendo superior nos rapazes. Bem-estar Psicológico e Estilos de Vida encontram-se positivamente correlacionados. Conclusões:A maioria dos estudantes perceciona o estilo de vida “Muito bom”.Estilos de vida e Bem-Estar Psicológico estão positivamente associados, com fortes interpenetrações de género, convocando a intervenção efetiva.

BACKGROUND:The study of lifestyles in higher education has specificities due to multiple factors, being both welfare and lifestyles of young people, present on the political agenda of the institutions. AIMS: Evaluate IPVC students' lifestyles and psychological welfare; Compare lifestyles and psychological welfare of female and male students. Correlate both lifestyles and psychological welfare. MethodS: Quantitative, analytical and cross-sectional study. A questionnaire with a sociodemographic characterization, psychological welfare (QGBEP-R) and the FANTASTICO lifestyle were used, translated and validated for the Portuguese population. Results:Of the 291 respondents, the majority are female (80.8%), mean age is 22.49 ± 7.035 years, 44.3% are from the area of residence, 11.7% consider having addictions, the most frequent tobacco. Most consider their lifestyle "Very Good" (52.6%). In the item "Family / Friends" 82.2% answered "do not have / have sometimes" to the question with whom to speak important things” 76.5%"did not give / sometimes gave and received affections” and 61.5% “did not consider themselves members of a community group and / or self-help group”. From the analysis of the dimensions of the FANTASTICO and the sex, the students scored higher on the “family / friends” items, “tobacco” and “sexual and health behaviour”. The students scored better in "physical activity / associativism”, “sleep” and in "introspection".Concerning welfare, the mean value was 24,204 + 4,920, being higher in boys.

Contexto:El estudio de los estilos de vida en la enseñanza universitaria reviste especificidades derivadas de múltiples factores, siendo la salud y el bienestar de los jóvenes puntos importantes en la agenda política de las instituciones. Evaluar los estilos de vida y bienestar de los alumnos del IPVC. Comparar y correlacionar estilos de vida y bienestar psicológico. MetodologíaEstudio de tipo cuantitativo, analítico y transversal. Se utilizaron un cuestionario sociodemográfico, de bienestar psicológico (QGBEP-R) y el Estilo de Vida FANTÁSTICO, traducidos y validados para la población portuguesa. De los 291 que respondieron, la mayoría es del sexo femenino (80,8%), promedio de edad 22,49 ± 7,035 años, el 44,3% se encuentra desplazado del área de residencia, el 11,7% considera tener dependencias, el tabaco el más frecuente. La mayoría considera el estilo de vida "Muy Bueno" (52,6%). Del análisis de las dimensiones del "Fantástico" y el sexo, las estudiantes obtienen mayor puntuación en los ítems “familia / amigos", “tabaco” y en el “comportamiento sexual y de salud”. Los estudiantes puntuan mejor en la "actividad física / asociativismo", “sueño” y "introspección". En relación al bienestar, el valor medio fue de 24,204+4,920, siendo superior en los chicos. Ambos, bienestar psicológico y estilos de vida están positivamente relacionados. Conclusiones:La mayoría de los estudiantes perciben el estilo de vida como "Muy bueno". Los estilos de vida y bienestar psicológico están positivamente asociados, con fuertes interpretaciones de género, solicitando una intervención eficaz.

Saúde em cadeia: (Co)construção de percursos de literacia em saúde e qualidade de vida / Chain health: (Co)construction of literacy courses in health and quality of life / Salud en cadena: (Co)construcción de recorridos de alfabetización en salud y calidad de vida

CONTEXTO: Considerando que a cidadania em saúde consagra o direito e dever dos cidadãos participarem ativamente no processo de cuidados de saúde, procurou-se promover nos reclusos a literacia em saúde e qualidade de vida numa lógica de investigação-ação. OBJETIVOS: desenvolver competências cognitivas, sociais promotoras da tomada de decisão em saúde; incentivar à procura/mobilização da informação em saúde; reforçar as determinantes individuais e coletivas na gestão da doença crónica. MÉTODOS: Estudo quasi-experimental com recurso a metodologias participativas e quantitativas. Efetuaram-se entrevistas à Direção de um Estabelecimento Prisional do Norte de Portugal e a focus group com os reclusos. Aplicaram-se questionários de Literacia em Saúde, Avaliação de Qualidade de Vida e um Instrumento de caraterização sociodemográfica. RESULTADOS: No Grupo de Intervenção a idade média é de 39,2 + 10,8 anos, variando entre os 19 e os 55 anos. Na Qualidade de Vida, as dimensões “Saúde Geral” e “Função Física” apresentaram respetivamente valores mais baixo (47,4%) e mais elevado (71,3%). O nível de literacia “inadequado/problemático” foi o mais frequente, nas várias dimensões. A (co)construção do programa de “educação terapêutica” configurou-se em 4 eixos: saúde global, higiene, bem-estar; alimentação e saúde; gestão doença; e gestão/compreensão da informação em saúde CONCLUSÕES: O projeto centrou-se na cooperação intersectorial, multiprofissional, em lógicas de whole-of-government e whole-of-society. Os resultados são norteadores da intervenção prioritária, mantendo-se o enfoque na lógica de botton-up, orientada para os domínios da saúde geral e emocional, com recurso ao team building. Encontra-se em fase de reavaliação, com recurso às estratégias utilizadas no diagnóstico inicial.

BACKGROUND: Considering that citizenship in health enshrines the right and duty of citizens to actively participate in the health care process, it was sought to promote literacy in health and quality of life in the inmates, in a logic of action research. AIM: to develop cognitive, social skills that promote health decision making; encourage the search/mobilization of health information; individual and collective determinants of chronic disease management. METHODS: Quasi-experimental study using participatory and quantitative methodologies. We resorted to the interview with the Directorate of a prison establishment in the North of Portugal and the focus group with the inmates. We applied questionnaires of "Health Literacy in Portugal", Quality of Life Assessment and an instrument of sociodemographic characterization. RESULTS: The average age of prisoners is 39.2 + 10.8 years, ranging from 19 to 55 years.The level of "inadequate/problematic" literacy was the most frequent in the various dimensions. In QOL, the "General Health" and "Physical Function" dimensions presented the lowest values ??(47.4%) and the highest (71.3%). The (co) construction of the "therapeutic education" program was set up in four areas: global health, hygiene, well-being; food and health; disease management; and Management/understanding of health information CONCLUSIONS: the project focused on cross-sectoral, multiprofessional cooperation in whole-of-government and whole-of-society logics. The results are guiding the priority intervention, keeping the focus on a bottom-up logic, oriented to the domains of general and emotional health, using team building. It is in the reassessment phase, resorting to strategies used in the initial diagnosis.

CONTEXTO: Considerando que la ciudadanía sana consagra el derecho y el deber de participar activamente en el cuidado de la salud, se intentó promover en los internos la alfabetización en salud y en calidad de vida dentro de la investigación- acción. OBJETIVOS:Desarrollar competencias cognitivas, sociales promotoras de toma de decisión en salud; fomentar la búsqueda y la movilización de la información sanitaria; reforzar determinantes individuales y colectivos en gestión de la enfermedad crónica. MÉTODOS: Estudio cuasi experimental con recurso a metodologías participativas y cuantitativas. Se recurrió a la entrevista a la Dirección del Prisión del Norte de Portugal, un focus group con los reclusos. Se aplicaron cuestionarios de "Alfabetización en Portugal," Calidad de Vida y evaluación de herramientas de caracterización sociodemográfica. RESULTADOS: En el Grupo de Invervención la edad media es 39,2 + 10,8 años, variando entre los 19 y los 55 años. El nivel de alfabetización inadecuado/ problemático, más frecuente, en diferentes dimensiones. En la QV, las dimensiones “Salud General” y “Función Física” presentaron respectivamente los valores más bajos y elevados (47,4%), (71,3%). La (co)construcción del programa de "educación terapéutica" se configuró en 4 ejes: salud global, higiene, bienestar; alimentación y salud; gestión de enfermedad y Gestión/comprensión de información de la salud. CONCLUSIONES: el proyecto se centró en la cooperación intersectorial, multiprofesional, en lógicas de whole-of-government y whole-of-society. Los resultados son orientadores de la intervención prioritaria, manteniéndose el enfoque en la lógica de botton-up, orientada a dominios de salud general y emocional, recurriendo al team building.

Literacia e qualidade de vida na diabetes mellitus tipo 2 num aces do Minho, Portugal / Literacy and quality of life in diabetes mellitus type 2 in Minho, Portugal

Background: Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease responsible for disability, entailing high costs for the National Health Service. Investing in health literacy and empowerment are crucial for effective disease management. Objectives: To analyze the knowledge about the disease and quality of life of people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Methodology: Cross-sectional, exploratory, descriptive and correlational study. A sociodemographic and clinical characterization questionnaire and the portuguese version of DKT, DES-SF and EQ-5D-5L were applied to a convenience sample of 410 subjects. Results and discussion: The sample reveals a low level of knowledge and high perception of quality of life, especially in men, showing mean +/- SD of DKT and EQ-5D-5L, 51.90 +/- 13.83 and 0.90 +/- 0.15, respectively. A significant positive association between knowledge and QOL (rs = 0.060, p <0.01) was found, which reinforces other studies findings. Conclusions: From the study emerges the need for health education programs that enable especially in the field of food and soft skills especially in response to adversity, thus raising the quality of life of these people

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Organizaçao e funcionamento duma casa de abrigo de solidariedade social / Organization and operating of a shelter of social solidarity

A organização e o funcionamento de uma casa de abrigo de uma instituição humanista não feminista (chamada de "Solidariedade Social") constituiu o foco central desta pesquisa. Para isto, realizaram-se entrevistas semi-estruturadas às profissionais: à diretora da instituição, à diretora técnica e ao psicólogo. A análise apresenta uma visão de uma casa de abrigo normativa sobre o que deve ser uma mulher, incluindo as suas rotinas diárias, associada a uma organização rígida no que diz respeito a regras e horários. Mais ainda, perspectivando a mulher apenas como mãe e doméstica, esta perspectiva apresenta uma elevada tolerância à violência de gênero. A este respeito, este tipo de instituições corre sério risco de cair na perspectiva de "revitimizar" a vítima.(AU)

The organization and functioning of a shelter of a humanistic and non feminist institution (called "Social Solidarity") was the main focus of this study. For this purpose, three semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals working in the shelter: the director of the Executive Border, the coordinator who is social worker and the psychologist. The analysis shows a normative vision about the way women ought to behave and set their daily routines, associated with a rigid organization of regulations and schedules. Furthermore, visioning the woman only as mother, this perspective shows a high level of tolerance to gender violence, in "some circumstances". In this respect, this kind of institutions risks to fall into the "blaming the victim" perspective.(AU)

Organizaçao e funcionamento duma casa de abrigo de solidariedade social / Organization and operating of a shelter of social solidarity

A organização e o funcionamento de uma casa de abrigo de uma instituição humanista não feminista (chamada de "Solidariedade Social") constituiu o foco central desta pesquisa. Para isto, realizaram-se entrevistas semi-estruturadas às profissionais: à diretora da instituição, à diretora técnica e ao psicólogo. A análise apresenta uma visão de uma casa de abrigo normativa sobre o que deve ser uma mulher, incluindo as suas rotinas diárias, associada a uma organização rígida no que diz respeito a regras e horários. Mais ainda, perspectivando a mulher apenas como mãe e doméstica, esta perspectiva apresenta uma elevada tolerância à violência de gênero. A este respeito, este tipo de instituições corre sério risco de cair na perspectiva de "revitimizar" a vítima.

The organization and functioning of a shelter of a humanistic and non feminist institution (called "Social Solidarity") was the main focus of this study. For this purpose, three semi-structured interviews were conducted with professionals working in the shelter: the director of the Executive Border, the coordinator who is social worker and the psychologist. The analysis shows a normative vision about the way women ought to behave and set their daily routines, associated with a rigid organization of regulations and schedules. Furthermore, visioning the woman only as mother, this perspective shows a high level of tolerance to gender violence, in "some circumstances". In this respect, this kind of institutions risks to fall into the "blaming the victim" perspective.